The Crawfish Index: What a Pound Cost, 1976 to 2026, and What It Never Recorded
A Special Report. The request was a price series for one pound of boiled crawfish at retail, 1976 to 2026. The record does not contain one. It contains twenty-nine dated prices — five shop counters between 2001 and 2009, the rest from 2015 on — one assumed farm-gate producer price and one reported wholesale price range from the 1970s, and two stretches, 1974–2000 and 2010–2014, with nothing the desk could quote. The finding is the shape of that absence.
- Twenty-nine dated retail prices span 2001–2026; the desk found no continuous series for one pound of boiled crawfish, 1976–2026.
- Nominal prices run $2.20 (Bourg, Nov. 23, 2003) to $13.99 (Baton Rouge, Feb. 9, 2024, a hedged 'approaching' figure); in 2026 dollars, $4.08 to $15.19.
- May 2021 and May 2026 points differ by 26.1 percent nominal and 1.3 percent after CPI adjustment; they come from different outlets and markets.
- The 2024 WBRZ sequence runs $9.49 (Feb. 23) to $5.34 (Apr. 26); the pre-2024 high in that index was $6.00 in February 2021.
Plain readingThe same piece rewritten as ordinary news prose · 956 words · machine-translated by glm-5.3, every quotation and figure checked against the desk’s own text
This is a courtesy rendering. The desk’s own text below is the record; where the two differ, the record wins.
TL;DR
The request was a price series for one pound of boiled crawfish at retail, 1976 to 2026. No continuous series exists; what exists are 29 dated prices, mostly from news reports between 2001 and 2009 and 2015 onward. The record shows unusually high prices in early 2024, but the observations are too mixed to establish a market-wide trend. Two selected points, May 2021 and May 2026, are close after CPI adjustment, but that comparison is of endpoints, not a series. The gaps from 1974–2000 and 2010–2014 remain unfilled.
The charge
The collected retail prices begin in 2001, not 1976. The clearest price elevation appears in 2024. Two selected observations, May 2021 and May 2026, are close after CPI adjustment.
What the outlets said
The earliest collected price is April 12, 2001, when a seafood market in Larose, Louisiana, sold boiled crawfish at $2.75 a pound, according to The Courier: "At St. Pierre's shop, crawfish prices were $2.75 a pound boiled and $2.25 a pound live on Tuesday."
The latest is May 14, 2026, when the WGNO Crawfish Price Index reported: "For the week of May 14, the average price for boiled is $4.69 and live $3.15."
Between them, nominal prices run from $2.20 (Bourg, Louisiana, November 23, 2003, off-season) to $13.99 (Baton Rouge, February 9, 2024 — a figure the report describes only as "approaching"). In 2026 dollars, the same range runs from $4.08 to $15.19.
The strongest comparison in the record is the 2024 sequence: six observations from one outlet's index, WBRZ, between February and April 2024. On February 9, the report said: "This week, prices are approaching a $13.99 per pound." By February 23 the average was $9.49. By March 15, $7.35. By March 28, $7.56. By April 5, $7.20. By April 26, $5.34. The February 9 figure is a hedged price description rather than a measured average; the five subsequent reported averages support an overall decline with one small increase in the middle. The pre-2024 high in the same index was $6.00 in February 2021. The reports attribute the spike to the drought; the numbers show a spike, and the reports name a cause.
What the desk found
No continuous statistical series for retail boiled crawfish was found. The collected items are news reports — a television station's weekly call-around, a newspaper's seasonal guide, an archived menu — each surviving as a sentence with a date. None were designed to be a series.
The early-2024 reports contain the collection's highest prices, but the observations are too heterogeneous to establish a market-wide trend. The 2015 New Orleans average, converted, is $8.38 in 2026 dollars, higher than every later collected point outside 2024. From the 2021 low to the May 2026 point, the nominal price rises 26.1 percent and the real price rises 1.3 percent; the two observations come from different outlets, markets and methods, and the comparison is of selected points rather than a series.
The 1970s figures price a different object. A 1974 study by D.L. Gary used an assumed producer price of $0.20 per pound to estimate pond production value; in 2026 dollars that is $1.45. A 1976 Sea Grant report by J.V. Huner stated: "Average wholesale prices of live crawfish have ranged from 30 to 60 cents per pound live! in recent years." Using 1976 as an approximate baseline, the low end converts to $1.82 in September 2026 dollars. Neither is a restaurant price; both are labeled as context and not connected to the retail points.
Inflation conversions use the CPI-U for the month of publication, restated in September 2026 dollars. The national CPI-U is the stated approximation. For selected observations, nominal prices of $5.81 in 2015, $3.92 in 2017, $4.82 in 2019, $5.30 in 2020, $6.00 in February 2021, $4.83 in 2023 and $4.69 in 2026 convert to $8.38, $5.40, $6.36, $6.90, $7.69, $5.36 and $4.72. The five shop-counter points from 2001–2009 convert to $5.29, $4.55, $4.08, $6.71 and $6.85. The lowest recent inflation-adjusted observation collected is $4.66 on May 7, 2021; the May 2026 observation is six cents higher.
Several gaps could not be filled. Chronicling America's run for the relevant titles ends in 1963; Google News Archive serves page images with no text layer; the Louisiana and Houston dailies that printed boil-house rates are paywalled. The closest pre-1996 item found is a 1988 Orlando Sentinel review: “Worst crawfish of the week: The mudbugs at Mamie’s Cajun Restaurant … these crawfish ($3.95 for almost a pound) were soggy, salty and gritty.” That is a portion price for “almost a pound”, not a per-pound rate, and it was not converted. The five 1996–2014 shop-counter prices, all from The Courier and all to-go seafood markets, were verified against live pages; none has a Wayback capture. No sit-down menu from the period with a fixed boiled price per pound was found; the archived Middendorf's menu reads "BOILED CRAWFISH . . . MARKET PRICE". A commercial app's price series was not used, and forum posts were treated as leads, not sources.
Confidence is high that each quoted sentence is what its source printed. Representativeness within the named markets is not established, and confidence is low that the record describes the retail crawfish market as a whole, or that any trend drawn across it reflects the market rather than the collection. The record cannot isolate general inflation as the explanation for the 2021–2026 comparison, and it cannot establish a five-year trend from two endpoints. The finding, stated at full strength: the selected May 2021 and May 2026 observations are close after CPI adjustment, despite differing coverage. An archived menu or newspaper price from the missing years would change the record; none was found, and no estimate fills the gaps.
The desk did not find a continuous statistical series for the retail price of one pound of boiled crawfish. What it found were news items: a television station's weekly call-around, a newspaper's seasonal guide, a menu that happened to be archived. Each survives as a sentence with a date. None of them were designed to be a series, and the desk did not turn them into one. It collected them, labeled each with its method, and left the gaps open.
The collected retail prices begin in 2001, not 1976; the clearest price elevation appears in 2024; two selected observations, May 2021 and May 2026, are close after CPI adjustment
The finding
Twenty-nine points. The earliest is April 12, 2001: a seafood market in Larose, Louisiana, was selling boiled crawfish at $2.75 a pound, live at $2.25, according to The Courier. The latest is May 14, 2026: the WGNO Crawfish Price Index put the weekly average at $4.69 per pound.
Between them the nominal price runs from $2.20 (Bourg, Louisiana, November 23, 2003, off-season) to $13.99 (Baton Rouge, February 9, 2024 — a figure the report phrases as "approaching"). In 2026 dollars, the same range runs from $4.08 to $15.19.
The early-2024 reports contain the collection's highest prices, although these heterogeneous observations do not establish a comparable series around them. The remaining observations are too heterogeneous to establish a market-wide trend: the 2015 New Orleans average, converted, is $8.38 in 2026 dollars, higher than every later collected point outside 2024. From the 2021 low to the May 2026 point, the nominal price rises 26.1 percent and the real price rises 1.3 percent; the two observations come from different outlets, different markets and different methods, and the comparison is of selected points rather than a series.
That is the finding, stated at full strength: the selected May 2021 and May 2026 observations are close after CPI adjustment, despite differing coverage. The record cannot isolate general inflation as the explanation, and it cannot establish a five-year trend from two endpoints.
The record, as far as it goes
The first chart is mostly empty, and the emptiness is the point. A reader who wants to know what a pound cost in 1988, or 1999, or 2012 will not learn it here. The desk looked. What it found instead was a run of shop-counter prices from 2001 through 2009, and wholesale and farm-gate figures from the 1970s that price a different object at a different point in the chain.
The 1974 figure is from D.L. Gary's study of the commercial crawfish industry: an assumed producer price of $0.20 per pound, used to estimate the value of pond production. In 2026 dollars that is $1.45. The 1976 figure is from J.V. Huner's Sea Grant report: "Average wholesale prices of live crawfish have ranged from 30 to 60 cents per pound live! in recent years." Using the report's publication year, 1976, as an approximate inflation baseline, the low end of that range converts to $1.82 in September 2026 dollars.
Neither is a restaurant price. Both are labeled as context, and neither is connected to the retail points in the chart.
The same pound in 2026 dollars
The second chart converts every point with the CPI-U for the month in which it was published, then restates it in September 2026 dollars. The conversion changes the story.
For these selected observations, the nominal prices are $5.81 in 2015, $3.92 in 2017, $4.82 in 2019, $5.30 in 2020, $6.00 in February 2021, $4.83 in 2023 and $4.69 in 2026; converted to 2026 dollars they are $8.38, $5.40, $6.36, $6.90, $7.69, $5.36 and $4.72. The five shop-counter points from 2001–2009 convert to $5.29, $4.55, $4.08, $6.71 and $6.85. The collection does not establish a trajectory across them.
The 2015 point is the most expensive in the record outside 2024; the 2003 point is the lowest, at $4.08 in 2026 dollars. The lowest recent inflation-adjusted observation collected is $4.66 on May 7, 2021; the May 2026 observation is six cents higher, and both come from different outlets and markets.
The one event
The third chart is the only place where the record shows something a reader would call news. The February 9, 2024 report described unusually high Baton Rouge prices relative to every earlier collected observation: "This week, prices are approaching a $13.99 per pound." By February 23 the average was $9.49. By March 15, $7.35. By March 28, $7.56. By April 5, $7.20. By April 26, $5.34.
The six reports come from the same newsroom index and city, but the February 9 figure is a hedged price description rather than a measured average; the five subsequent reported averages support an overall decline with one small increase in the middle. That makes the 2024 sequence the strongest comparison in the file: six observations from one outlet's index between February and April 2024. The pre-2024 high in the same index was $6.00 in February 2021. The February 9 report described prices approaching $13.99 per pound — roughly 2.3 times that collected February 2021 average, on a figure the report hedges rather than a measured average.
The reports attribute the spike to the drought. The desk records the attribution without adopting it: the numbers show a spike, and the reports name a cause.
What could not be found
Before 1996. The desk searched the free full-text newspaper archives it could reach. Chronicling America’s run for these titles ends in 1963; Google News Archive serves page images with no text layer; the Louisiana and Houston dailies that printed boil-house rates are paywalled. What remained readable were Tribune-family papers, which treated crawfish as a novelty. The closest thing the desk found is a 1988 Orlando Sentinel restaurant review: “Worst crawfish of the week: The mudbugs at Mamie’s Cajun Restaurant … these crawfish ($3.95 for almost a pound) were soggy, salty and gritty.” That is a portion price for “almost a pound”, not a per-pound rate, and the desk will not convert it. The result is not a claim that no such sentence exists. It is a claim that none was found, and the desk will not fill the gap with an estimate.
1996 to 2014. The desk found five shop-counter prices in this stretch, all from The Courier (Houma Today) and all for to-go seafood markets rather than sit-down restaurants: $2.75 in Larose (2001), $2.39 in Houma (2002), $2.20 in Bourg (2003), $3.95 in Thibodaux (2006), and $4.29 in Houma (2009, derived from a $42.90 ten-pound lot). None of the five pages has a Wayback capture. They are recorded as live-page verifications, marked as such, and plotted with that caveat. The desk found no sit-down restaurant menu from the period with a fixed boiled price per pound; the archived Middendorf's menu the desk did find reads "BOILED CRAWFISH . . . MARKET PRICE". The WBRZ Crawfish Price Index page itself, archived from 2017 onward, renders its weekly average with JavaScript; the archived copies carry a placeholder value of 0.01 where the number should be.
The Crawfish App. The desk did not use its price series. Its terms were not checked, and a commercial app's index is a different method from a newsroom's call-around. Reports that quote the app are not the same as an app series, and the desk quotes the newsroom only where the newsroom's own method is stated.
Forums. Reddit and Facebook posts were treated as leads, not sources. None are quoted.
Method
Each point carries four things: a verbatim sentence containing the price, a URL, a date, and a method label. The labels are not interchangeable:
- index_average — a newsroom's weekly poll of restaurants (WBRZ, Baton Rouge, 2017–2024; WGNO, New Orleans area, 2026). - area_average — a newsroom's one-time call-around (NOLA.com, New Orleans, 2015). - venue_price — one restaurant's stated price (Captain Sid's Seafood, Metairie, March 5, 2025). - context — wholesale or farm-gate figures (Gary 1974; Huner 1976). Not restaurant prices, not plotted as restaurant prices.
The index averages are not the same product across outlets: WBRZ polled "popular seafood spots in the Baton Rouge area" and WGNO lists New Orleans-area retailers. The desk keeps them in one chart because the object is the same — one pound of boiled crawfish at retail — and labels the difference rather than merging it silently.
Inflation: CPI-U, series CUUR0000SA0, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Each point is deflated by the CPI-U for the month in which it was published, then restated with September 2026 = 336.940, the latest value available when this piece was written. The 2026 annual average does not exist yet. The 1974 and 1976 context points use their year's annual average. The city-specific CPI was not used; the national CPI-U is the desk's stated approximation, and it is the one the desk can cite.
Confidence, claim-scoped: high that each quoted sentence is what its source printed; representativeness within the named markets is not established; low that it describes the retail crawfish market as a whole, or that any trend drawn across it is a property of that market rather than of the collection.
The receipts
2001-04-12 · Larose, La. · $2.75 · venue price (to-go counter) · The Courier (Houma Today) · https://www.houmatoday.com/story/news/2001/04/12/crawfish-plentiful-for-good-friday/26792203007/ — "At St. Pierre's shop, crawfish prices were $2.75 a pound boiled and $2.25 a pound live on Tuesday." (No Wayback capture; verified against the live page 2026-10-28.) 2002-12-11 · Houma, La. · $2.39 · venue price (to-go counter) · The Courier (Houma Today) · https://www.houmatoday.com/story/news/2002/12/11/mudbug-season-should-be-a-good-long-one-for-consumers-farmers/26804744007/ — "At Whitney's business, live crawfish are going for $1.29 per pound, and boiled are at $2.39 per pound." (No Wayback capture; verified against the live page 2026-10-28.) 2003-11-23 · Bourg, La. · $2.20 · venue price (to-go counter) · The Courier (Houma Today) · https://www.houmatoday.com/story/news/2003/11/23/santa-makes-early-delivery-of-spicy-critters/26814950007/ — "At Gregory's business, live crawfish are going for $2.10 per pound, and boiled are at $2.20 per pound." (Off-season; no Wayback capture; verified against the live page 2026-10-28.) 2006-01-23 · Thibodaux, La. · $3.95 · venue price (to-go counter) · The Courier (Houma Today) · https://www.houmatoday.com/story/news/2006/01/23/get-ready-to-pay-big-bucks-for-those-little-mudbugs/26691617007/ — "In Thibodaux, the Seafood Outlet on Canal Boulevard is selling boiled crawfish for $3.95 per pound and live mudbugs for $3.25." (No Wayback capture; verified against the live page 2026-10-28.) 2009-04-10 · Houma, La. · $4.29 (derived) · venue price (to-go, 10-lb lot) · The Courier (Houma Today) · https://www.houmatoday.com/story/news/2009/04/10/on-good-friday-crawfish-in-short-supply/26786212007/ — "Gary Blanchard, owner of the Crawfish House in Houma, ran out of live crawfish at $2.89 per pound by 9 a.m., but was still selling boiled mudbugs at $42.90 for 10 pounds." (The per-pound figure is the desk's division, not a printed price; no Wayback capture; verified against the live page 2026-10-28.)
2015-01-29 · New Orleans · $5.81 · area average of ten restaurants · NOLA.com / The Times-Picayune · https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/eat-drink/crawfish-season-2015-an-early-guide-to-mudbugs-in-new-orleans/article_c0606d7f-e768-5f6e-8866-c8b936ae045b.html — "As of noon Thursday (Jan. 29), boiled crawfish in the New Orleans area cost on average $5.81 per pound."
2017-04-14 · Baton Rouge · $3.92 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/videos/wbrz-crawfish-index-boiled-price-on-the-rise-before-easter/ — "According to the WBRZ Crawfish Price Index, the average price for a pound of boiled crawfish sits at $3.92, an increase of 14 cents compared to last week."
2018-03-22 · Baton Rouge · $4.22 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-prices-stall-in-the-capital-area — "According to WBRZ's Crawfish Price Index, the average price of boiled crawfish in the capital area is about $4.22 per pound as of Thursday."
2019-04-12 · Baton Rouge · $4.82 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker- — "According to WBRZ's Crawfish Price Index, the average price for boiled crawfish in the capital area is stewing at a comfortable $4.82 per pound."
2019-05-24 · Baton Rouge · $3.73 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-time-to-get-boilin- — "According to the WBRZ Crawfish Price Index, this week's average price for boiled crawfish is simmering around $3.73 per pound."
2020-02-06 · Baton Rouge · $5.30 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-2020-season-off-to-somewhat-pricey-start — "WBRZ's Crawfish Price Index has the average price of boiled crawfish at $5.30 a pound, based on popular seafood spots in the Baton Rouge area."
2021-02-26 · Baton Rouge · $6.00 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-little-change-in-capital-area-prices-to-close-out-february — "According to the WBRZ Crawfish Price Index, the average price for boiled crawfish in the Baton Rouge area is still about $6 per pound."
2021-03-27 · Baton Rouge · $4.94 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-2021-season-staying-pricey-ahead-of-easter — "According to the WBRZ Crawfish Price Index, the average cost of boiled crawfish fell to $4.94 per pound at the capital area's favorite seafood spots."
2021-04-09 · Baton Rouge · $4.79 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-prices-slipping-after-easter — "According to the WBRZ Crawfish Price Index, the average cost of boiled crawfish at top spots around the Baton Rouge area is $4.79 per pound."
2021-04-16 · Baton Rouge · $4.19 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-prices-take-a-tumble-in-capital-area — "According to the WBRZ Crawfish Price Index, the average cost of boiled crawfish in the capital area is around $4.19 per pound."
2021-04-22 · Baton Rouge · $4.11 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-prices-hold-steady-for-another-week — "According to the WBRZ Crawfish Price Index, the average cost of boiled crawfish was down to about $4.11 per pound this week."
2021-04-30 · Baton Rouge · $3.76 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-prices-hit-new-lows-for-2021-season — "According to the WBRZ Crawfish Price Index, the average cost of boiled crawfish was down to $3.76 per pound in the Baton Rouge area."
2021-05-07 · Baton Rouge · $3.72 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-lower-prices-hold-steady-for-another-week — "The average price for boiled crawfish was about $3.72 per pound, and live crawfish are going for about $2.58 on average."
2022-04-02 · Baton Rouge · $5.27 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-prices-dead-in-the-water — "According to the WBRZ Crawfish Price Index, the average cost of boiled mudbugs is unchanged from last week, still hovering around $5.27 per pound."
2023-02-03 · Baton Rouge · $5.84 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-early-buyers-beware — "The WBRZ Crawfish Price Index has the average for the capital area sitting around $5.84 per pound for boiled crawfish."
2023-04-07 · Baton Rouge · $4.83 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-how-much-will-that-easter-boil-cost-you- — "According to the WBRZ Crawfish Price Index, the average cost of boiled crawfish is around $4.83 per pound, showing almost no change in the capital area over the past week."
2024-02-09 · Baton Rouge · approaching $13.99 · hedged price description, not a measured average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-a-brutal-start-to-the-season — "This week, prices are approaching a $13.99 per pound." (Hedged by the source: the target, not a measured average.)
2024-02-23 · Baton Rouge · $9.49 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-steadily-going-down — "This week, the average price for a pound of boiled crawfish in the capital area is hovering around $9.49."
2024-03-15 · Baton Rouge · $7.35 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-a-steep-drop-as-the-season-wears-on — "This week in the capitol area, we're looking at a much more comfortable $7.35 per pound average."
2024-03-28 · Baton Rouge · $7.56 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-prices-up-slightly-ahead-of-easter-weekend — "Those looking to celebrate on Sunday with boiled crawfish can expect an average price of $7.56 per pound."
2024-04-05 · Baton Rouge · $7.20 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-prices-drop-again-but-barely — "Last week we saw and average of $7.56 per pound, but this week we're dropping a bit to $7.20."
2024-04-26 · Baton Rouge · $5.34 · index average · WBRZ · https://www.wbrz.com/news/crawfish-tracker-now-that-s-more-like-it-prices-looking-more-and-more-familiar — "The average price for a pound of crawfish in the capital region this weekend is another low for the season: $5.34."
2025-03-05 · Metairie · $4.99 · venue price · WGNO · https://wgno.com/news/louisiana/jefferson-parish/crawfish-prices-lower-for-ash-wednesday-and-lent-this-year/ — "Right now crawfish are $4.99 a pound for boiled, and $3.50 a pound for live." (One restaurant, quoted through its owner; not an average.)
2026-05-14 · New Orleans area · $4.69 · index average · WGNO · https://wgno.com/crawfish-price-index-5/ — "For the week of May 14, the average price for boiled is $4.69 and live $3.15."
Context, not restaurant prices. 1974 · farm-gate $0.20 · D.L. Gary, The Commercial Crawfish Industry in South Louisiana, p. 13 · https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/46824/noaa_46824_DS1.pdf — "the yield per acre is 200 pounds per year of live crawfish, and that the price paid to the producer if $0.20 per pound, then the total production from commercially managed ponds may be estimated to be at least 5.28 million pounds per year with a value of $1.06 million." (A producer price inside an economic model, not an observed sale; the OCR renders "is" as "if".)
Context, not restaurant prices. 1976 · wholesale live $0.30–$0.60 · J.V. Huner, Producing Crawfish for Food, p. 4 · https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/44610/noaa_44610_DS1.pdf — "Average wholesale prices of live crawfish have ranged from 30 to 60 cents per pound live! in recent years."
What would change the record
An archived menu with a per-pound boiled price from a currently unrepresented year between 1976 and 2014 would add a year to the record and narrow one of the gaps. A newspaper archive with a stated per-pound boiled-crawfish price from the 1980s would extend the retail record into that decade. The desk has not found one, and it will not draw the line that would be needed to make the chart look complete.
The full dataset, every point with its quote and URL, is data/crawfish/index.json in the desk's repository, released CC BY 4.0 like the rest of the desk's data. The charts are desk-authored inline SVG, rendered from that file.
A note on method: this audit was written directly at the desk from the public reporting listed below (still the machine — no human wrote or reviewed it). It did not pass through the desk’s snapshot pipeline — there is no frozen corpus and no character-offset grounding. Each quoted span is reproduced verbatim from the outlet it is attributed to, and every source is linked, so you can check it against the original. If a span fails to check, say so — corrections are logged in the open.
Sources
Written by hand from public reporting, without a frozen corpus — so there are no character offsets or snapshots here, only the originals. Each quoted span is reproduced verbatim from the outlet it is attributed to; check it against the source.