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Interim Relief Docket Stat Pack, OT2024

Interim Relief Docket Stat Pack for the 2024-25 term Compiled by Taraleigh Davis (Ph.D.) Updated on Feb. 4, 2026 Visit: www.scotusblog.com Follow: @scotusblog 1 Email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3-5 Opinions over Time 6 By the Numbers 7 Unanimous Decisions 8 Who is Bringing Applications? 9 Substantive Applications by Issue Area 10 Justice Activity Scorecard 11 Days Between Applications and Orders 12 Opinion Lengths 13 Trump Administration Emergency Applications 14-20 Term Index 21-23 INTRODUCTION What we include in the Interim Relief Docket The 2024-25 term ran from October 7, 2024, through October 5, 2025. (We refer to it as the 2024 term throughout this Stat Pack.) The Interim Relief Docket consists of cases during that term in which the Supreme Court granted or denied an application for emergency relief that was initially presented to an individual justice and then referred to the full court for final decision. We excluded applications that converted to the merits docket without a ruling on emergency relief, such as TikTok, Inc. v. Garland, where the court deferred the application pending oral argument. We also excluded routine procedural matters, such as requests for extensions to file briefs. (Please note that these cases are included in the Term Index for transparency.) How the Interim Relief Docket Differs from the Merits Docket Justices are not required to disclose their votes on emergency applications publicly. Therefore, unlike in merits cases, we do not know the vote breakdown (6-3, 7-2, etc.) unless four justices publicly disclose their disagreement. Dissents fall into two categories: disagreement statements and formal dissents. Disagreement statements reveal a justice’s voting preference (“Justice Gorsuch would have denied the application”), dissents indicate a justice’s formal opposition (“Justice Kagan dissents”). To maintain consistency with the Supreme Court's tracking, we combine these two categories. Justices can also file a formal concurrence or issue a statement respecting either the denial or grant of the requested relief. Thanks to Jake Truscott and Adam Feldman for their guidance and generosity in sharing the framework that makes the merits 3 docket stat pack such a valuable resource. This project is modeled on their work. INTRODUCTION Interim Relief Application Categories There are three kinds of applications on the interim relief docket: Capital cases are requests to stay or vacate stays of execution. They have traditionally dominated the docket, although their share has declined from over 78% in 2005 to 36% in 2024. During the 2024-25 term, there were 49 such requests, and none were granted. Only 3 of those cases had any public disagreement. Refiled applications occur when an applicant, after being denied by one justice in chambers, refiles with another; all of these have been denied since the 2000 term. Substantive applications now represent much of the core work of emergency relief – these are typically requests for stays, injunctions, or other intervention in non-capital matters. These have grown from just 5% of the interim relief docket in 2005 to 40% in 2024. 4 INTRODUCTION Key Findings in the Stat Pack for the 2024-25 Term Rising Volume, Rising Grants. The court received 136 emergency applications this term – 55 substantive applications after excluding 49 capital cases and 32 refilings. Of the 55 substantive applications, six were deferred for oral argument, leaving 49 substantive cases for statistical analysis. The court granted relief in 53% of substantive applications, more than double the 23% grant rate from the previous term. Public Disagreement at Historic Highs. Justices publicly disagreed in 76% of substantive applications with clear outcomes – far exceeding the pre2014 average of 13.5% and more than double the 2022 and 2023 terms (at 25%). The liberal bloc (Sotomayor, Kagan, Jackson) frequently disagreed together, while conservative justices more often disagreed individually. Jackson Leads in Public Statements. Justice Jackson led all justices with 22 total public statements, followed by Justice Sotomayor with 18. Among conservatives, Justice Thomas led with 15 statements – although 13 of these were disagreements rather than formal dissents. Justice Kavanaugh led in concurrences with 4. The "Shadow" Continues to Lift. Written opinions accompanied 31% of substantive applications, continuing the dramatic increase from near -zero during 2015-17 and 23% in 2023. Speed Varies Dramatically. Average time from filing to decision for substantive cases was 30 days, with a median of 22 days. The fastest decision came in just 1 day (Trump v. New York), while 35% of applications were resolved within 1-2 weeks. Trump Administration Dominates the Docket. The Trump administration filed 27 of the 55 substantive applications (49%), far outpacing private parties (19) and states (9). The court granted relief in 19 of 21 cases with clear outcomes (90%), compared to just 2 denials. Only 2 of the 23 Trump cases were decided unanimously (9%), with justices publicly disagreeing in 91%. These cases were resolved nearly twice as fast as others, averaging 21 days compared to 36 days for all other substantive applications. (No Biden administration analysis was conducted because there were no such cases brought by the Biden administration between the October 2024 term start and January 20, 2025.) 5 TOTAL OPINIONS OVER TIME This figure shows the volume and proportion of emergency applications by category (substantive, capital, and refiled) between the 2005 and 2024 terms. 6 2024 Interim Relief Docket: By the Numbers This figure shows the distribution of 130 emergency applications by category: substantive applications (49), capital cases (49), and refiled applications (32). As noted earlier, six applications deferred pending oral argument are excluded from the statistical analysis but included in the Term Index. 7 UNANIMOUS DECISIONS This figure shows the percentage of unanimous decisions (i.e., cases decided without any full dissents or disagreements) between 2005 and 2024. The dashed red line represents the longitudinal average. 8 Who is Bringing Applications? This figure shows who filed the 55 substantive applications: the Trump administration (27), private parties (19), or state governments (9). 9 Substantive Applications by Issue Area This figure shows the distribution of 49 substantive applications by issue area, classified using Supreme Court Database methodology. 10 Justice Activity Scorecard This figure shows the number of public statements (dissents and concurrences) issued by each justice in 49 substantive emergency applications during the 2024 term. Dissents include both formal dissents and disagreement statements. 11 Days between applications and orders This Figure shows the average number of days from filing to decision for substantive emergency applications by term. The dashed red line represents the longitudinal average. 12 OPINION LENGTHS This figure shows the average word count of written opinions in substantive emergency applications during the 2024 term, by opinion type. Majority opinions/orders averaged 732 words (n=25), concurrences averaged 1,032 words (n=7), and dissents averaged 2,731 words (n=22). 13 Trump Administration Emergency Applications 14 Trump Administration Emergency Applications: Unanimity 15 Trump Administration Emergency Applications: Days to Decision 16 Trump Administration Emergency Applications by Issue Area This figure shows the distribution of Trump administration applications by issue area, classified using Supreme Court Database Methodology. 17 Justice Activity Scorecard: Trump Administration Cases 18 Dissent Coalition Patterns: Trump Administration Cases 19 Trump Administration : Opinion Lengths 20 Term Index: Capital Cases 2024 Term • 49 Applications • All Denied • 3 with Noted Dissent Date Docket Case Name 10/17/24 24A349 10/31/24 D Days Date Docket Case Name Robert Leslie Roberson 2 6/9/25 24A1202 Anthony Floyd Wainwrig 4 24A409 Richard Bernard Moore 3 6/9/25 24A1204 Anthony Floyd Wainwrig 3 11/21/24 24A498 Carey Grayson 2 6/10/25 24A1192 Gregory Hunt 7 12/2/24 24A391 Christopher Collings 45 6/10/25 24A1211 Anthony Wainright 0 12/17/24 24A592 Tahina Corcoran 0 6/11/25 24A1219 John Fitzgerald Hanson 0 12/19/24 24A590 Kevin Underwood 2 6/13/25 24A1231 Stephen C. Stanko 1 1/30/25 24A723 Marion Bowman 7 6/24/25 24A1251 Thomas Lee Gudinas 6 2/5/25 24A753 Steven Lawayne Nelson 2 6/25/25 24A1143 Richard Gerald Jordan 35 2/12/25 24A771 James D. Ford 4 6/25/25 24A1261 Richard Gerald Jordan 5 3/7/25 24A854 Brad Keith Sigmon 2 6/25/25 24A1279 Richard Jordan 1 3/18/25 24A893 Jessie Hoffman 2 7/15/25 25A45 Michael Bell 5 3/20/25 24A890 Edward Thomas James 3 7/15/25 25A57 Michael Bell 3/20/25 24A891 Edward Thomas James 3 7/30/25 25A104 Edward J. Zakrzewski 6 3/20/25 24A892 Edward Thomas James 2 8/4/25 25A65 Byron Lewis Black 20 4/8/25 24A948 Michael Tanzi 4 8/4/25 25A118 Byron Lewis Black 7 4/11/25 24A956 Mikal Mahdi 4 8/4/25 25A136 Byron Black 3 4/23/25 24A1005 Moises Sandoval Mendoz 5 8/4/25 25A137 Byron Lewis Black 3 5/1/25 24A1037 Jeffrey Glenn Hutchins 4 8/19/25 25A185 Kayle B. Bates 5 5/1/25 24A1043 Jeffrey Glenn Hutchins 3 8/19/25 25A174 Kayle Barrington Bates 11 5/1/25 24A1044 Jeffrey G. Hutchinson 2 8/19/25 25A191 Kayle Barrington Bates 2 5/1/25 24A1054 Jeffrey G. Hutchinson 0 8/24/25 25A216 Curtis Windom 2 5/1/25 24A1057 Jeffrey Hutchinson 0 9/16/25 25A280 David Joseph Pittman 5 5/14/25 24A1087 Glen Edward Rogers 5 9/25/25 25A335 Blaine Milam 2 5/19/25 24A1077 Benjamin Ritchie 12 9/30/25 25A356 Victor Tony Jones 3 5/19/25 24A1109 Benjamin Ritchie 0 D = Noted Dissent • Days = Days between application and order • All applications denied Y Y D Y Days 1 Term Index: Refiled Cases 2024 Term • 32 Applications • All Denied • No Noted Dissents Date Docket Case Name 1st 2nd Days Date Docket Case Name 1st 2nd Days 10/7/24 24A61 Judy A. Brannberg Gorsuch Thomas 84 1/27/25 24A516 Martin Akerman Roberts Thomas 65 10/7/24 24A107 Jordan Powell Roberts Thomas 73 1/27/25 24A531 Zachary Thomas Hor Kagan Thomas 70 10/7/24 24A136 Dependency of M. R Kagan Alito 66 2/21/25 24A532 Mahfooz Ahmad Sotomayor Roberts 95 10/7/24 24A189 Sherry Ann McGann Gorsuch Barrett 53 3/3/25 24A658 Martin Akerman Kagan Roberts 70 10/15/24 23A1101 Richard Rynn Kagan Alito 130 3/24/25 24A730 Martin Akerman Roberts Thomas 87 10/15/24 24A222 Os car Stilley Kavanaugh Sotomayor 50 3/24/25 24A731 Martin Akerman Roberts Thomas 79 11/4/24 24A244 Richard Rynn Kagan Alito 65 3/31/25 24A796 Tony Barksdale Thomas Jackson 46 11/4/24 24A273 Martin Akerman Barrett Roberts 51 4/7/25 24A852 Tahawwur Rana Kagan Roberts 38 11/12/24 24A332 Martin Akerman Roberts Kagan 43 5/5/25 24A862 Jason Krumback Kavanaugh Roberts 77 12/9/24 24A328 Good Lawgic Sotomayor Alito 69 5/5/25 24A864 Kelsey Schier Kagan Gorsuch 60 12/9/24 24A430 Martin Akerman Roberts Kagan 41 5/5/25 24A902 Michael Prete Jackson Alito 48 12/16/24 24A369 Stev en Walker Kagan Thomas 66 5/19/25 24A245 Richard Rynn Kagan Alito 261 12/16/24 24A372 Joseph Nierman Sotomayor Thomas 69 6/6/25 24A969 Judy A. Brannberg Gorsuch Thomas 85 1/13/25 24A415 Richard Rynn Kagan Alito 84 9/5/25 24A1166 Ray Leonerdirt Dia Jackson Alito 101 1/13/25 24A440 John Stockton Kagan Thomas 74 9/5/25 25A26 Martin Akerman Roberts Kagan 81 1/21/25 24A507 Martin Akerman Roberts Kavanaugh 64 9/5/25 25A111 Judy A. Brannberg Gorsuch Thomas 41 1st = First Justice (denied in chambers) • 2nd = Second Justice (referred to Court) • Days = Days to final order • All denied Term Index: Substantive Cases 2024 Term • 55 Applications • 26 Granted • 22 Denied • 6 Deferred • 1 Abeyance • 37 with Noted Dissent Date Docket Case Nam e Out D Days Date Docket Case Nam e Out D Days 10/16/24 24A98 Nacco Natural Resources v. EPA D Y 84 4/17/25 24A886 Donald J. Trump v. New Jersey Def 10/16/24 24A95 West Virginia v. EPA D Y 85 4/22/25 24A970 David Yost v. Cynthia Brown D Y 12 10/16/24 24A96 National Rural Electric Coop v. EPA D Y 84 5/6/25 24A1030 United States v. Commander Emily Shilling G Y 12 10/16/24 24A97 National Mining Association v. EPA D Y 84 5/16/25 24A1007 A.A.R.P. v. Donald Trump G Y 28 10/16/24 24A105 Midwest Ozone Group v. EPA D Y 82 5/19/25 24A1059 Kristi Noem v. National TPS Alliance G Y 18 10/16/24 24A106 Electric Generators v. EPA D Y 82 5/20/25 24A1051 Laurel D. Libby v. Ryan M. Fecteau G Y 22 10/16/24 24A116 Edison Electric Institute v. EPA D Y 79 5/22/25 24A966 Donald J. Trump v. Wilcox G Y 43 10/16/24 24A117 Ohio V. IPA D Y 79 5/23/25 24A1099 Richard Graham v. Jeremiah Sweeney D 10/28/24 24A287 Horseracing Integrity v. National Horsemen’s Association G Y 39 5/30/25 24A1079 Kristi Noem v. Doe G 10/29/24 24A399 Robert F. Kennedy v. Wi. Election Commission D 8 6/4/25 24A1107 Ikome v. Bondi 10/29/24 24A405 Robert Kennedy v. Jocelyn Benson D Y 4 6/6/25 24A1122 U.S. Doge Service v. CREW G Y 16 10/30/24 24A407 Susan Beals v. Virginia Coalition for Immigrant Rights G Y 2 6/6/25 24A1063 Social Security Administration v. AF SCME G Y 35 11/1/24 24A408 Republican National Committee v. Faith Genser D 4 6/23/25 24A1153 Department of H omeland Security v. D.V.D. G Y 29 11/22/24 24A419 Cynthia Davis v. David M. Smith D 29 6/24/25 24A982 John Doe v. Seattle Police Department D 12/11/24 24A463 East Kentucky Power v. EPA D 26 7/8/25 24A1174 Donald J. Trump v. AFGE G 12/17/24 24A553 Annette Chambers-Smith v. Kayla Jean Ayers D 15 7/9/25 24A1269 James Uthmeier v. Florida Immigrant Coalition D 12/18/24 24A587 TikTok Inc. v. Merrick Garland Def 2 7/14/25 24A1203 Linda McMahon v. New York G 12/18/24 24A588 Brian Firebaugh v. Merrick Garland Def 2 7/23/25 25A11 Donald J. Trump v. Boyle G 1/9/25 24A666 Donald J. Trump v. New York D Y 1 7/24/25 25A62 Turtle Mountain Band v. Howe G 1/23/25 24A653 James R. McHenry v. Texas Top Cop Shop G Y 23 8/14/25 25A97 NetChoice v. Fitch D 2/21/25 24A790 Scott Bessent v. Hampton Dellinger Ab Y 5 8/21/25 25A103 NIH v. APHA G Y 28 3/5/25 24A831 Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition D Y 7 9/8/25 25A169 Kristi Noem v. Perdomo G Y 32 4/4/25 24A910 Department of Education v. California G Y 9 9/10/25 25A234 South Carolina v. Doe D Y 15 4/7/25 24A931 Donald J. Trump v. J.G.G. G Y 10 9/19/25 25A287 New Jersey Transit v. Colt G 4/8/25 24A904 Office of Personnel Management v. AFGE G Y 15 9/22/25 25A264 Donald J. Trump v. Slaughter G Y 18 4/10/25 24A949 Kristi Noem v. Kilmar Armando Abrego Garcia G 3 9/26/25 25A269 Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition G Y 18 4/17/25 24A884 Donald J. Trump v. Casa Def 35 10/1/25 25A312 Donald J. Trump v. Cook Def 4/17/25 24A885 Donald J. Trump v. Washington Def 35 10/3/25 25A326 Kristi Noem v. National TPS Alliance G 35 9 Y Moot 22 21 75 Y 36 22 Y 38 21 Y 9 24 8 13 Y Out: G = Granted, D = Denied, Def = Deferred, Ab = Abeyance • D = Noted Dissent • Days = Days to decision 14