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Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, No. 22-451 (slip op., June 28, 2024) — Majority (Roberts, C. J.), chunk 15

U.S. Supreme Court — Majority (Roberts, C. J.) · back to the audit
35 Cite as: 603 U. S. ____ (2024)
Opinion of the Court
Inc., 573 U. S. 258, 266 (2014) (quoting Dickerson v. United
States, 530 U. S. 428, 443 (2000)). That is not enough to
justify overruling a statutory precedent.
* * *
The dissent ends by quoting Chevron: “ ‘Judges are not
experts in the field.’” Post, at 31 (quoting 467 U. S., at 865).
That depends, of course, on what the “field” is. If it is legal
interpretation, that has been, “emphatically,” “the province
and duty of the judicial department” for at least 221 years.
Marbury, 1 Cranch, at 177. The rest of the dissent’s selected epigraph is that judges “‘are not part of either political branch.’ ” Post , at 31 (quoting Chevron , 467 U. S., at
865). Indeed. Judges have always been expected to apply
their “judgment” independent of the political branches
when interpreting the laws those branches enact. The Federalist No. 78, at 523. And one of those laws, the APA, bars
judges from disregarding that responsibility just because
an Executive Branch agency views a statute differently.
Chevron is overruled. Courts must exercise their independent judgment in deciding whether an agency has acted
within its statutory authority, as the APA requires. Careful
attention to the judgment of the Executive Branch may help
inform that inquiry. And when a particular statute delegates authority to an agency consistent with constitutional
limits, courts must respect the delegation, while ensuring
that the agency acts within it. But courts need not and under the APA may not defer to an agency interpretation of
the law simply because a statute is ambiguous.
Because the D. C. and First Circuits relied on Chevron in
deciding whether to uphold the Rule, their judgments are
vacated, and the cases are remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
It is so ordered.

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1 Cite as: 603 U. S. ____ (2024)
THOMAS, J., concurring
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
Nos. 22–451 and 22–1219
LOPER BRIGHT ENTERPRISES, ET AL.,
PETITIONERS
22–451 v.
GINA RAIMONDO, SECRETARY OF
COMMERCE, ET AL.
ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF
APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT
RELENTLESS, INC., ET AL., PETITIONERS
22–1219 v.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, ET AL.
ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF
APPEALS FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT
[June 28, 2024]